Natural Disasters- Cyclones

 

Natural Disasters- Cyclones

A natural disaster is a major catastrophic event from the earth's natural processes; Examples include floods, hurricanes, tornadoes, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis, hurricanes, and other geological processes. A natural disaster can cause loss of life or damage to property, and it often leaves many economic damage dependents on the resilience of the people affected by the existing infrastructure.

Over the past decade, more than 300 natural disasters occur each year worldwide, affecting billions and billions. A disaster cycle is a framework used to establish a systematic response to recovery, recovery, prevention and preparedness. Access to clean water, shelter, food, proper sanitation and the threat of infectious diseases are potential risks to natural disaster management, delaying the recovery process.

 In this article, we will discuss cyclones, Classifications of cyclones, different names of cyclones where they originate, causes, and major cyclones in Indian history.

 

Cyclones

 

In meteorology, a storm refers to any area with low pressure with indoor air. Storms rotate clockwise in the southern hemisphere and counter the clock in the Northern Hemisphere. A hurricane is a common term for various types of low-pressure systems, such as tropical storms, outbursts, and hurricanes.

Storms are classified as (i) other tropical cyclones (also called cooler hurricanes); and (ii) tropical storms. The name Cyclone is derived from the ancient Greek word Cyclos meaning snake coils. It was named after Henry Peddington because tropical cyclones in the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea appear to be linked.

 

Classifications

1. Extra tropical cyclones (also called temperate cyclones)

2. Tropical cyclones 

The World Meteorological Organization (1976) uses the term 'Tropical Cyclone' to cover weather patterns where winds pass through the 'Gale Force' (minimum knot of 35 or 64 kph). Tropical storms are the offspring of the ocean and the atmosphere, powered by heat from the ocean; and is driven by east-west trade with climate, high planets, and its powerful forces.

In India, cyclones are classified by:

• Strength of associated winds,
• Storm surges
• Exceptional rainfall occurrences.

 Extra tropical cyclones occur in cooler regions and higher latitude regions, although they are known to originate from polar regions. Storms that forming regions between the Tropics of Capricorn and Cancer are called tropical cyclones. Tropical storms are large weather systems that develop above the surface of tropical or subtropical waters, where they are organized into higher air circulation.

Storms are referred to by different names depending on where they come from:

• Storms forming in the Atlantic Ocean and northeast Pacific Oceans are called Hurricanes - These often affect the Caribbean region and the east coast of North America. Most hurricanes occur from June 1 to November 30, although there are rare cases when storms occur outside of this period.

• The storms forming in the Indian Ocean and the South Pacific are called Cyclones - These often affect India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and islands in the region. Typhoons usually occur from October to May.

• Typhoons in the northwest Pacific Ocean are called Typhoons - These typically affect the Philippines and other islands in the region, but some hurricanes sometimes reach Japan and China. Storms occur year-round. 

Causes:

Storms are concentrated in areas with low atmospheric pressure, often above the warm ocean waters near the equator. The warm ocean air rises from the top to the top, leading to the formation of a low-pressure surface. The air from the surrounding region, with high pressure, passes into the low-pressure area. The cool air warms and moistens and rises again, thus the cycle continues. As warm air rises, moisture in the air cools thus leading to the formation of clouds. The whole system grows slowly and fast over time. As a result, the eye is formed in the centre of the centre, which is a low-pressure centre where high winds from the upper air flow in, thus creating a storm.

 

Major Cyclones in India

 The 1970 Bhola cyclone 

The Bhola cyclone is one of the deadliest natural disasters ever recorded in independent India. The storm built over the Bay of Bengal in November 1970 and landed on the coast of East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) before continuing to West Bengal.

At its peak, the storm created winds of up to 115 mph destroying destructive coastal areas. It is estimated that between 300,000 and 500,000 people were killed during the disaster, making it the deadliest hurricane ever recorded in history.

 

Odisha Cyclone - 1999

Cyclone Odisha of 1999 was the deadliest hurricane recorded in the tropics of the North Indian Ocean and among the worst casualties in the region. It made its way to Odisha on 29 October. According to reports, an estimated 9887 people lost their lives in the storm and thousands were displaced. Diarrhoea and cholera saw an increase in the number of cases following a hurricane.

 Cyclone Yaas — 2021 

Yaas cyclone, which caused a landslide in the Odisha region of Bhadrak on May 26, has been reduced to a hurricane after hitting Odisha and West Bengal with a wind speed of 130-145kmph, filling low-lying areas in the middle of the storm, India Meteorological Department (IMD) said.

By Rohit Kumar